50 Essential Physics Formulas for AAI ATC 2025

At Career Wave, we believe clarity is crucial. Here's not just a list of formulas but also what each symbol means, so you understand and memorize them effectively!

Ultimate Physics Formula List with Symbol Names

• Speed (v) = Distance (s) / Time (t)

• v = speed

• s = distance

• t = time

• Velocity (v) = Displacement (s) / Time (t)

• v = velocity

• s = displacement

• t = time

• Acceleration (a) = (Final velocity v - Initial velocity u) / Time (t)

• a = acceleration

• v = final velocity

• u = initial velocity

• t = time

• Kinematic Equation: v² - u² = 2as

• v = final velocity

• u = initial velocity

• a = acceleration

• s = displacement

• Displacement: s = ut + ½ at²

• s = displacement

• u = initial velocity

• t = time

• a = acceleration

• Newton’s Second Law: Force (F) = Mass (m) × Acceleration (a)

• F = force

• m = mass

• a = acceleration

• Momentum (p) = Mass (m) × Velocity (v)

• p = momentum

• m = mass

• v = velocity

• Impulse (J) = Force (F) × Time (Δt) = Change in Momentum (Δp)

• J = impulse

• F = force

• Δt = change in time

• Δp = change in momentum

• Work (W) = Force (F) × Displacement (d) × cosθ

• W = work

• F = force

• d = displacement

• θ = angle

• Power (P) = Work (W) / Time (t)

• P = power

• W = work

• t = time

• Kinetic Energy (KE) = ½ m v²

• KE = kinetic energy

• m = mass

• v = velocity

• Potential Energy (PE) = m g h

• PE = potential energy

• m = mass

• g = acceleration due to gravity

• h = height

• Mechanical Energy (ME) = KE + PE

• ME = mechanical energy

• KE = kinetic energy

• PE = potential energy

• Hooke’s Law: F = -k x

• F = force

• k = spring constant

• x = displacement

• Elastic Potential Energy: U = ½ k x²

• U = elastic potential energy

• k = spring constant

• x = displacement

• Centripetal Acceleration (ac) = v² / r

• ac = centripetal acceleration

• v = velocity

• r = radius

• Centripetal Force (Fc) = m v² / r

• Fc = centripetal force

• m = mass

• v = velocity

• r = radius

• Gravitational Force (Fg) = G m₁ m₂ / r²

• Fg = gravitational force

• G = gravitational constant

• m₁ = mass 1

• m₂ = mass 2

• r = distance

• Acceleration due to Gravity (g) = G M / R²

• g = acceleration due to gravity

• G = gravitational constant

• M = mass of Earth

• R = radius of Earth

• Pressure (P) = Force (F) / Area (A)

• P = pressure

• F = force

• A = area

• Density (ρ) = Mass (m) / Volume (V)

• ρ = density

• m = mass

• V = volume

• Buoyant Force (Fb) = Weight of Displaced Fluid

• Fb = buoyant force

• Bernoulli’s Equation: P + ½ ρ v² + ρ g h = constant

• P = pressure

• ρ = density

• v = velocity

• g = acceleration due to gravity

• h = height

• Wave Speed (v) = Frequency (f) × Wavelength (λ)

• v = wave speed

• f = frequency

• λ = wavelength

• Snell’s Law: n₁ sinθ₁ = n₂ sinθ₂

• n₁ = refractive index 1

• θ₁ = angle of incidence

• n₂ = refractive index 2

• θ₂ = angle of refraction

• Mirror Formula: 1/f = 1/u + 1/v

• f = focal length

• u = object distance

• v = image distance

• Lens Formula: 1/f = 1/v - 1/u

• f = focal length

• v = image distance

• u = object distance

• Magnification (M) = Image height (h’)/Object height (h) or v/u

• M = magnification

• h’ = image height

• h = object height

• v = image distance

• u = object distance

• Coulomb’s Law: F = k q₁ q₂ / r²

• F = electrostatic force

• k = Coulomb's constant

• q₁ = charge 1

• q₂ = charge 2

• r = distance

• Electric Field (E) = Force (F) / Charge (q)

• E = electric field

• F = force

• q = charge

• Electric Potential (V) = Work (W) / Charge (q)

• V = electric potential

• W = work

• q = charge

• Capacitance (C) = Charge (Q) / Voltage (V)

• C = capacitance

• Q = charge

• V = voltage

• Energy Stored in Capacitor: U = ½ C V²

• U = energy stored

• C = capacitance

• V = voltage

• Ohm’s Law: V = I R

• V = voltage

• I = current

• R = resistance

• Power in Circuit: P = V I = I² R = V² / R

• P = power

• V = voltage

• I = current

• R = resistance

• Resistances in Series: Rₜ = R₁ + R₂ + …

• Rₜ = total resistance

• R₁ = resistance 1

• R₂ = resistance 2

• Resistances in Parallel: 1/Rₜ = 1/R₁ + 1/R₂ + …

• Rₜ = total resistance

• R₁ = resistance 1

• R₂ = resistance 2

• Magnetic Force: F = q v B sinθ

• F = magnetic force

• q = charge

• v = velocity

• B = magnetic field

• θ = angle

• Lorentz Force: F = q(E + v × B)

• F = Lorentz force

• q = charge

• E = electric field

• v = velocity

• B = magnetic field

• Magnetic Flux (Φ) = B A cosθ

• Φ = magnetic flux

• B = magnetic field

• A = area

• θ = angle

• Faraday’s Law: Induced emf (ε) = -dΦ/dt

• ε = induced electromotive force (emf)

• Φ = magnetic flux

• t = time

• Transformer Ratio: V₁/V₂ = N₁/N₂

• V₁ = voltage in primary coil

• V₂ = voltage in secondary coil

• N₁ = number of turns in primary coil

• N₂ = number of turns in secondary coil

• Young’s Double Slit: Fringe separation (Δx) = λ D / d

• Δx = fringe separation

• λ = wavelength

• D = distance from slits to screen

• d = distance between slits

• Photon Energy (E) = h f = h c / λ

• E = photon energy

• h = Planck’s constant

• f = frequency

• c = speed of light

• λ = wavelength

• de Broglie Wavelength (λ) = h / p

• λ = de Broglie wavelength

• h = Planck’s constant

• p = momentum

• Photoelectric Equation: h f = φ + KEmax

• h = Planck’s constant

• f = frequency

• φ = work function

• KEmax = maximum kinetic energy of the emitted electron

🗓 Career Wave Study Plan (Physics)

• Week 1–2 → Mechanics, motion, work-energy

• Week 3–4 → Waves, optics, fluids

• Week 5–6 → Electricity, magnetism, modern physics

• Week 7 → Solve full mocks (Career Wave has exclusive Physics mock sets)

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• Q1: Will Career Wave help me remember all symbols + formulas?
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